The grasp drugs have on colomb Essay Example For Students

The grasp drugs have on colomb Essay The Grasp Drugs Have on ColombiaThe paper is going to examine the effect and extent to which drugs have a grip on the country of Colombia. This subject runs deep into the Colombian culture, and effects a huge range of people. People all the way from the President clear down to the farmer/peasant. Drugs and drug trafficking are part of the every day society, the economy, and severely tangled in the political structure. The first, and largest, problem is that of Politics. The Colombian government is wrought with corruption. â€Å"The endemic corruption that undermines the drug war is rooted in the high profits that make it a rational choice for government officials and police and military officers whose low salaries cannot compete with traffickers’ bribes.† (Bertram, Blachman, Sharpe, Andres p.170) These bribes are often used by drug dealers to buy legislators. In 1995 several congressmen, the attorney general, and the president’s campaign advisor were indicted for accepting drug money for their cooperation. It is hard to truly speculate today how many government officials are actually on the payroll of the drug cartels. Officials can make anywhere from $5,000 to $70,000 and beyond to just turn their heads and look the other way. This bribery has seeped its way through all levels of anti-narcotic forces as well. This is to say that those who are there to fight the problem arenâ €™t fighting at all, and are even profiting from it. On a large-scale one drug lord by the name of Jose Gonzalo Rodrigues Gacha was said to have spent millions of dollars to pay of an entire army brigade. At the present time the main question is what can be done to change the government and make it legitimate. In the past there have been many attempts to regulate the drug cartels. Most of these have had a very bloody, to say the least, result. An example of this was August 18, 1989 when drug dealers assassinated Senator Luis Carlos Galan. He was the leading candidate for president, and in his platform was a call to strengthen action against the dealers. In retaliation the current president, Barco, made the same decree. United States president George Bush soon endorsed him. The United States would then indite any dealers that could be captured. The cartels soon realized what would happen if they were sent to the U.S. These criminals would stand trial, and were guaranteed to be pu t in jail for years. If they were not sent to the U.S., and simply kept in Colombia they would see little jail time. In most instances they would pay their way out of jail, and be right back into the drug trade as soon as they hit the street. This crack down against drugs was with good intentions, but it had serious negative repercussions that soon hit the government. â€Å"The drug dealers responded with a massive bombing campaign centered in Medellin and Bogata.† (Wiarda and Kline p.191) These bombings were not specifically aimed at anyone in particular. They were to kill as many people as they could†¦government officials or the innocent. After the bombings had ceased so did the tough regulations on the narcos. In other words, when the narcos do not like some piece of legislation, or something the government is doing it can have it changed in a matter of time. All they have to do start the aimless bombings, and killing innocent people. These people have nothing to do w ith drugs and the government will back off. In thinking about this, what course of action does this leave the Colombian government? It is just not possible to set there and watch innocent men, women, and children be killed for something they didn’t want part of. This makes legitimacy an issue now too. The people of Colombia see their government officials and military turning their head for the cartels, and taking the drug money bribes daily. Why should these good honest people then have any faith in the government or feel that it is legitimate. The people see the government as ineffective, and in competition with the cartels. To be legitimate Colombia must have a monopoly on the legitimate use of force and be the only viable channel for solving disputes. Since they were not able to do this at all they have little legitimacy, hence the public will not and does not follow. The next area is a very bloody one, and drugs to some extent promote it. This is the violence that goes on daily. This violence can be carried out on government official who do not take bribes, and refuse to help the narcos. It may come in many different forms as well. It is not unheard of to pay some people on the street to go beat up someone’s mother, brothers and sisters, and even their close friends. The scary part is that all this can be done very cheaply. There are many poor people in Colombia and to find one that will do this type of thing for a low price is not hard. They all need money and will do whatever it takes. In some more severe cases they may become sicarios, or hired killers. Sicarios are responsible for large numbers of dead. They will kill for as little as 3,000 pesos, or ten American dollars. This makes life extremely dangerous knowing that anybody you walk by on the street could have a ten dollar bullet with your name on it. To complicate this even more is that there is no set age for these killers. â€Å"In 1984 a man was killed when to sicarios pulled up next to him on a red motorcycle and shot him in the head with a machine pistol,† (Rosenburg p.270) The man pulling the trigger turned out not to be a man at all, but a sixteen year old boy. This is common in the case of judges. They are a center for violence. When a judge is trying a case that deals with drugs he may be persuaded in many different ways by the cartels. He could be offered a bribe, if that fails he might be sent several letters on his behalf and on the behalf of his children. He may watch as everyone close to him is assaulted, or all of these things may not occur and the drug lord will just have him shot or blown up. Another source of violence is the powerful paramilitary groups. In some instances these groups have taken over areas and instituted their own law. They are trying to act in the place of the weak national government. â€Å"The deadly paramilitaries find their justification in the inability of the state to offer protection to the land owners, cattle ranchers, rural entrepreneurs, drug-trade entrepreneurs from the economic and military pressure of the guerillas.† (NACLA report) In parts of Colombia the paramilitary violence has brought about displacement that has destroyed the social fabric of the community, church, and what political organizations that had formed. Instead of offering security and some form of government these paramilitaries have served as just another means to tear Colombia apart. .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df , .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .postImageUrl , .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df , .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df:hover , .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df:visited , .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df:active { border:0!important; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df:active , .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c1718b55df389f3776e93a60fbe18df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fidal Castro Essay We will write a custom essay on The grasp drugs have on colomb specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The third problem Colombia faces is that of the economy. Farming is the job of an immense number of Colombians. The problem with this is that there is only one crop that can make them the kind of money they need to survive. This crop is coca, and it is used to make the drugs that so rampantly control the country. The farmers are very upset with this current state. They don’t all wish to add to the problem. â€Å"In 1996, over 200,000 farmers and peasants from the coca-growing regions of the country marched on their capitals, protesting the fumigation and demanding viable economic alternatives to illicit crop cultivation.† (NACLA report) This movement shows that the people want to help the drug problem, and that they do want a way out. Until there is some alternatives given they will continue protesting the spraying and the government attempts to kill their illegal crops. These farmers can’t allow this, although the crops are illegal it is what the need to survive . The bottom line is that they need an economical option to coca production. Once this is done it should cut down on the coca production in Colombia. It will come into the country from other places, but this will make it somewhat more difficult for the cartels. Another side of this must be taken into consideration as well. If there is an alternative given will the cartels up the price that they give to the farmers now to keep them producing? Will they make it another offer the farmers can’t refuse? Only time will tell. It is a severe understatement to say that the problem that drugs present to Colombia is far reaching. They encompass every part of the nation. It is a careful balancing act to fix this problem. The government has to find a way that allows them to take steps against the production of drugs. When they do this they must minimize the effects the drug dealers can have on them. If they do anything to strong they will again encounter a severe loss of lives. They must also understand that this is a necessary evil. That is to say if they want to get this done some lives may have to be lost. This is an extremely hard idea to take. A human life, especially that of the innocent killed by a car bomb, is a hard thing to bargain with. It will be a long a treacherous journey to a stable government that has control. Works CitedBertram, Blachman, Sharpe, Andres. Drug War Politics The Price of Denial. Los AngelesUniversity of California Press 1996Wiarada, Kline. Latin American Politics and Development. Boulder ColoradoWestview Press Inc. 1996Rosenburg, Tina. Children of the Cain Violence and Crime in South America. New YorkPenguin Group Publishing. 1991Macdonald, Scott B. The Latin American Drug Trade. New York:Praeger, 1989NACLA Report on the Americas, Nov-Dec 1998 v32 i3 p25(6)

Irish Colonization essays

Irish Colonization essays Since the 16th century, the British colonization of Ireland has been a central problem in Irish history. Colonialism has been defined as the direct polical control of one country or society by another country. COlonialism, religion are the life forces of Irish history. Colonialism is a system of domination. According to Frantz Fanon's writing the culture and nation they depend on each other. Everybody should be proud of their culture and do not look up another country as an exampleIn Frantz Fanon's opinion when you change your culture you give up everything in what you believe and this is an example of colonialism when the nation losses its culture and rules. If people want to have a freedom in their country they have to fight to get it by fighting for their nation's culture " A national culture under colonial domination is a contested culture whose destruction is sought in systematic fashion. It very quickly becomes a culture condemned to secrecy...". Northern Ireland has been the source and site of the most devastating and prolonged social conflicts within the EU and the United Kingdom; as such, the future of Northern Ireland remains one of the most critical issues within British and European politics. In some mother's son, we see the Irish troubles through the eyes of mothers whose sons participate in the 1981. There were 21 prisoners participating in hunger's strike.The inmates sought to have the British government recognize them as political prisoners, and not common criminals. From the strike emerged one of the modern martyrs of the IRA Bobby Sands. In Some Mother's Son, Mirren is a school teacher who has no idea her adolescent son has become an IRA soldier. IRA is the political group which fights for Irish Independence. Their military wing is the Irish Republican Brotherhood (later the IRA) . Unlike the Home Rule supporters they are not satisfied with home rule, they want complete independence from Britain and ...

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Terrorism - Essay Example Their most notorious operation has been the 9/11 attack on the US World Trade Towers and other strikes on the same day. Osama’s initial purpose in forming a terrorist outfit like the Al-Qaeda was to revolt against Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan, which he considered as an intrusion by non-Muslims into the â€Å"sacred Muslim territory† and its citizens (2011:5). During this stage the US also has supported him on the hope that an alliance with his group will help them to expel the soviet from there. After the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan has ended in 1988, Bin Laden and his associates began pondering how the terrorist network they have created â€Å"could be utilized† (6). The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 and the US support for the former paved the way for Bin Laden’s antagonism against the US and Saudi Arabia’s also ignored his request to disallow US troops from basing in Iraq, which entailed in his â€Å"falling out† with the Saudi King (6). This is the background for Osama Bin Laden’s hatred for the West, especially countries like the US and UK. The Al-Qaeda’s main political ideology is to prevent the west from gaining power. On the other hand, this outfit embraces a religious philosophy that Muslims are sacred people. They consider people from other religions as non-believers or kafir and harbour the notion that killing non-believers through jihad (holy war) will earn them a place in heaven, which is their main motivation for indulging in terrorist activities. The unfulfilled promises of governments, failure of universities to stand up to the expectation of students and the advent of Marxist-Leninist philosophy as an answer to the social and economic problems, paved the way for â€Å"mass worker strike† in the late 60s and early 70s in Italy (Sundquist 2010:53). Thus, the â€Å"rising tensions† among union leaders, working class and the business owners coupled with the resentment

An act of kindness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An act of kindness - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that kindness is not restricted to help someone with material things like money, food or clothes. Kindness also means to share someone’s grief or pain or it also means to say a few kind words which could redress people’s grievances. Whoever performs an act of kindness, it is a message delivered from one heart to another generated from the inner self. The author tells that he cannot remember exactly in which class he was. But he does remember the very first act of kindness he did for someone. One day, the researcher was coming back home from his school that he saw a boy of his age begging on the signal. The author was surprised to see that why the child of his age is begging instead of wearing a school uniform and books in the hand. The author asked his father that why there is so much difference between the two of them. His father replied that they are poor children and they cannot afford to buy a uniform and school books. Their parents are forced to send them begging money and food so that they can feed their stomach. The author said to his father that he cannot see a child of his age begging on the road instead of studying in school. What could he do to help this urchin? His father said that if you really want to do an act of kindness and help the poor kid, you should compromise on something you have and you love. God will be very happy with your kind act. Suddenly, something clicked his mind.

The Islamic Conquests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Islamic Conquests - Essay Example In Empire to Commonwealth (12-19), historian Garth Fowden has delineated three separate geographical, cultural, and political spheres in Eurasia: China, India, and the Near East (the Fertile Crescent and the adjacent Mediterranean coast). These areas were all ancient centers of civilization and because of the distances and geographical barriers involved, had little interaction with each other. This is why China, India, and the Near East/Mediterranean can be thought of as continuous discrete civilizations even though throughout much of their history they lacked the political unity to provide full national identity. Although Islam eventually spread to all three areas, it origin and center lay in the Near East and it was only there that it became fully dominant. The Near East is unique among the three in having close interaction with a wide variety of surrounding areas. The Fertile Crescent is "a vortex that pulls inward and fuses what lies around it. So not only can the Fertile Crescent never enjoy long-term autonomy, but its unity can only be realized on a secure bases as part of a wider unification of the Iranian Plateau with the Mediterranean" (Fowden, 18). This unity was only achieved twice, in the first instance by the Achaemenid Empire (Alexander's fleeting unification of an even larger territory was based on Achaemenid Iran) in the sixth to fourth centuries BC, and in the seventh century by the Umayyad Caliphate. The initial Arab conquests unified the entire Fertile Crescent region with Iran for the first time in centuries, providing a secure economic, political, and geographical base fo r further conquests, for instance by allowing the Islamic state to compete on an even footing with the Byzantine navy (Fowden, 140). It may well be that the impetus to sustain large scale conquests into the eighth century came from the Islamic practice of providing for the army from the income of conquered lands collectively, rather than distributing the lands. This tended to keep the army in being (Karsh, 24). How did the initial Arab conquest succeed so well The Arabs' opponents in the area, the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires, were exhausted after a generation of fruitless war with each other over the Fertile Crescent and were in internal states of near collapse. In Iran, ultimately the loosing party in this conflict, on which the pressure was increased by Turkish invasions from the north (Christian, 260-285), the aftermath of defeat had led to assassination, civil war, and by 633 a state of anarchy in the empire (Nafziger and Walton, 18). Rome was also riven with internal dissensions (see below). So, to a large degree from a military perspective, the rapid Arab conquest of the Iranian state and of nearly half the territory of the Byzantine state, is to be attributed to the internal weakness of the defeated Empires rather to any special qualities of Islam. Other possible purely military factors to explain the Islamic conquests have been proposed, though with less plausibility. In Islam at War, Nafziger and Walton suggest a 'great man' solution to the problem of the Arab conquest, arguing that Khalid ibn al Waleed was "one of the great [sic] natural military leaders in all of human history" (16-17). But this hardly seems plausible. However remarkable Khalid's successes were on an operation level, and as astounding as his victories were, the were (as above) due more to the

The Problems In The Emergency Department Of Services

The Problems In The Emergency Department Of Services The report contains the actual hypothetical findings from which every prospective general public can benefit because the hospital is basically for public. The drastic differences between the government and private hospitals have revolutionized the private hospitals by creating more competition day by day. This report will discuss all the problems and issues of the Emergency Department of Services Hospital. This report has been accomplished by analyzing the recruitment statistics for Emergency Department as well as their whole process of their methodology. There were several problems in the department which we observed. This report will discuss about the patient problems, doctor problems, facilities, corruption and the hygiene environment and it will also discuss their solutions. The word hospital comes from the Latin hopes which refers to either a visitor or the host who receives the visitor. From hopes came the Latin hospitalia, an apartment for strangers or guests, and the medieval Latin hospitale. Hospital Hospital only took on its modern meaning as an institution where sick or injured are given medical or surgical care Emergency It is a place where person got first aid and doctors suggestion immediately Background Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan. It is the Capital of Province, Punjab. Lahore has many hospitals and services hospital is one of them. It is located in Jail road, near Punjab cardiology. Before giving a brief introduction about services hospital I want to tell you about the hospital. In 1958 a separate outpatient department of Mayo hospital, was setup for the government employees. In 1960 it was converted into 55 beds and named as Wahdat hospital. It had medical and surgical facilities together with laboratory and X-rays unit. Later on it was named as Services Hospital. In 1977 it was became the teaching hospital of the Llama Iqbal medical college and now it has its own medical college known as SIMS. It was declared autonomous institute in 1999. In order to make to make the emergency department fully functional, a comprehensive ATLS training progress undergraduate MBBS and nursing student is being organized. In addition staff working in the emergency department is being trained on regular basis to handle emergency patients and disaster victims. The description of problems is the patients problems that what kind of problems are being faced by patients. Hygiene environment that what is the current condition of hygiene in the department. Facilities that kind of facilities are being provided to doctors, staff and patients and the corruption. This research proposes to study the major problems of Emergency Hospital and to find out the causes of these problems, to find out what improvements have taken place in the past for the betterment of this department from 2005-2009 As Services Hospital is one of the biggest and oldest Hospital of Lahore; and is currently facing many problems that are why a detailed research must be conducted, so that we should be able to make people and the Government aware from the situation of the hospital. The scope of this research is to cover all the major problems that the Emergency Department is currently facing like environment pollution, hygiene/ cleanliness, patients problems, doctors and staff problem, security, parking, and then to find out what steps can be taken to solve these problems. We divided the problems among group members. Each member contains two domain. Sundus Farooq has covered the Problems of patients and Hygiene environment. Ahsan Akram covered the Facilities and Corruption. Literature Review One thing is for sure the people who are living near the hospital face many problems. One of the big is the dispose of syringes and other material near the residential areas which creates many problems and causes severe kind of diseases. We were searching the newspapers to get some information about the hospitals. We got various regarding the issues about the hospitals, but we are just writing the two news. One thing is for sure the people who are living near the hospital face many problems. One of the big issue is the disposed of syringes and other material near the residential areas which creates many problems and can cause multiple diseases. (Ali Raza, 2010) also discuss the problem of waste disposed. He said that the Environment Protection Department (EPD) has initiated legal action against hospitals for disposing hospital waste in residential skins on Jail Road. The sources EPD said that first we would issue Environmental Protection Orders (EPO) after which the case will send to the Environmental Tribunal. The EPD said that they had too many complaints that surgimed was disposing of its hazardous medical waste in the local garbage container. Experts say the reuse of hospital waste posses serious threat to the health of citizens besides the workers and other people affiliated with the recycling purposes. If the infected content is not disposed properly, it will causes many fatal diseases like Hepatitis and AIDS, Beside this it will also causes skin ,respiratory and eye diseases. Sources discover that private parties bring tons of infectious hospital waste from across the province in the city for recycling purposes. They bring these waste packets in sacks through trucks. Mafia is also involved in all this. A senior official of CDGL Environment department said that hazardous and waste material, earning more than Rs 15 million per day out of which the value of Lahore waste was more than Rs 5 million per day. We analyze that their waste material is causing many problems.) There should be taken some steps by the managements of hospitals to control all this. In another article the author discusses the emergency department. The facilities which are mostly provide in every emergency department of hospital. The author said the emergency departments require different equipments and approaches than most other hospital division. Patients frequently with unstable conditions and so, must be treated quickly. They may be unconscious, and information such as their medical history, allergies, and blood type may be unavailable. Emergency Department staff are trained to work quickly and effectively even with minimal information. . They may be unconscious, and information such as their medical history, allergies, and blood type may be unavailable. Emergency Department staff are trained to work quickly and effectively even with minimal information. . They may be unconscious, and information such as their medical history, allergies, and blood type may be unavailable. Emergency Department staff are trained to work quickly and effectively even with minimal information) Research Questions Primary Research Question What are the present conditions prevailed at the emergency department of services hospital Lahore? Subsidiary Research Questions Q1:- What is the emergency department? Q2:- How many doctors are available at a time in emergency department? Q3:- what is the qualification of the employees of the department i.e are they fresh graduates or senior doctors? Q4:- Where and how  are the syringes and other waste material disposed? Q5:- What is the method of sterilizing the surgical instrument? Q6:- Why do people complain about non-availability of doctors? Q7:- What facilities are being provided to the doctors? Q8:- At the time of an emergency such as a blast, how do doctors  handle the large number of casualties? Q9:- What is the quality of  the sterilization? Q10:- What is the condition of machinery and equipment in the department? Q11:- Does the dept, provide any research and teaching facility? Q12:- Why do patients mostly prefer this hospital even though  it is far from their houses? Method Sample We have taken the sample of 50 by distributing the questionnaire. Data Collection The primly source of data will be collected through questionnaire and interviews with different people having different opinions. Most of the secondary data and information is obtained from electronic sources, annual reports, news papers, articles, case studies, books, and journals. Research Tools The research tools are field study, distributing questionnaire; and then finally taking interview from the Dr.Mushtaq Khataq (DMS of Services Hospital) and the interview from the of affectee. Field study This will be general source of data collection in which the data will be represented on the basis of our personal experience in the same field. Time frame For the research we did field study on January 19, 2010; we started our work on January 22, 2010. We have taken interview on March 25, 2010 from the D.M.S of Services Hospital and from the affectee and we have also distributed the questionnaire on March 10, 2010. Date of Interviews March 25,2010 Date of dist. Of Questionnaire March 10,2010 Rough Draft March 20,2010 Final Draft April 2, 2010 Date of Submission April 12, 2010 Analysis of Data and Discussion We visited the services hospital 3 to 4 times to evaluate the condition of the emergency department. In our first survey we had observed a lot of issue. The main problem which we faced was parking. There was no empty place for parking in the hospital. People parked their car according to their on will. There was no well organized order for parking and even had no security arrangements. One can easily steal your vehicles. Other issues were: we heard that there should not be noise and crowd in the parameters of hospital, but there was too much noise and it was overcrowded. There was no place to stand for one second in emergency department of the Services Hospital. Numerous people were standing there which had nothing to do their. They were sitting their ideally and even not giving the seat to any patients. Patients problems The emergency department of the Services Hospital is double story but still it was considered an insufficient place for patients. Numerous patients were sitting in the floor. There were insufficient beds in the emergency department and also there was no place for the relatives of patients or visitors. The visitors or relatives were also sitting with the patient on the bed. Nobody was asking them that not to sit here. With every patient there was 2 or 3 person who had made the emergency department overcrowded and noisy. Doctors and nurses were not asking anything to them. Even many visitors were standing in the way of a patient which was making many difficulties for patients. We saw from our own eyes that a patient was in the bed, he was on drip in his arm. He was screaming with pain but doctors were not examining him even not his relatives. The reason of his screaming was that his mother was also sitting on bed and she was continuously shaking the bed due to which the drip stand was moving and the patient gets pain, nobody feels that. There was numerous patients which were sitting in line and waiting for their turn mean while their came one gentleman with his two security guards. The doctors left the list of patient and moved towards him to examine him first, though he did not have any big problem. He just had the minor headache. There was a medical store in the Emergency Department but there were insufficient medicines in the medical store. The person who was sitting in the medical store was giving the patients alternative medicines instead of giving them the prescribed medicines and when the patients asked him he argued with them vaguely. We went to the person who was sitting in the medical store. We asked him that why you are giving alternative medicines instead of the prescribed one. He said that those medicines also had the same effect. We asked him that we know this and it is fine if you do not have the 2 or 3 prescribed medicines but you are giving every patient alternative medicine. We asked him why the prescribed medicines are not available and who is fallible for this? He said very ambiguously no one is responsible for this. The medical store of Emergency Department needs variety of medicines. The medicines which were available were not enough. Hygiene Environment After the medical store we observed the hygiene environment in the Emergency Department of the Services Hospital. The condition of the cleanliness in the Department was satisfactory. There were 2 or 3 sweepers present in the department who cleaned the floor after an hour. Patients were throwing trash in the dustbins, but still there was a stingy smell in the Emergency Department and also wrappers were lying in the floor. The sweepers were using a kind of acid (final) to clean the floor and the microscopic germs but it had a very strong smell, which caused headache. The condition of some patients was becoming critical due to the smell of that acid. The doctors and other was throwing the used syringes and other disposed material into the dustbin which was collected by the sweeper after some time and there was a room where the sweepers throw the disposed material and outside of that room. There was written Dispose Room. The dispose room was locked. The management told us that this dispo sed material is very useful after process of purification it uses for several purposes. In the news paper it was written that the government had sent notice to many hospital in which services hospital was also cleared that their method of disposed material was not right. It is dangerous for the residential areas and for the other people. Patients problems On our second survey, we went to the patients and general public to know their problems and issues. Numerous people had many problems with doctors and nurses and some were completely satisfied with the current situation of Emergency Department and also from the doctors and staff. People said that commonly doctors did not come on time and also did not examine them with complete satisfaction. Patients also told that sometime doctors did not tell them the actual disease. Patients said that doctors are also running their personal clinic due to which they mostly came late or suggest them to come to their personal clinic. People said that the doctors are earnings good revenue from their personal clinics. They also said that doctors did not take interest in them that means sometime do not become satisfied with the doctors. After the discussion with patients about the doctors we started to discuss with people about the staff. 30% of people said that the staff does not take the good care of t he patient. They do not listen anybody an also discern between the people. They pleased the well known and rich people and often ignore the middle class or poor people. Numerous people said that they did not have any sense that how to talk with the patients and the visitors. Patients said that the staff do what they want to do. It totally depend on them that what they want to do. They do not listen to anybody and sometime they quarreled with other staff during their duty times which create disturbance for the other patients. Some people point out that the character of the staff is not good. One patient told us that he caught one nurse who had stolen his mobile. Some patients had no issue with the staff. They were satisfied with the behavior of the staff. They said that the staff is caring, but 80% protest against the staff and doctors behavior. When we came out from the Emergency Department we have seen that there is just one ambulance standing outside the emergency. When we asked about it to the management they replied that the ambulances are standing in front of different departments. Then we asked from the management how many ambulances are available at a time in the hospital. They told us that there are 8 ambulances present every time, and they also told us the process that how ambulances reach to the given addressed. They select person who can drive fast but not rough and who also know the all way of the city. We asked if by chance no ambulance is present or if you need more ambulances then what you do? They told us if we need more ambulances then we asked for it to others departments and if no ambulance is present at a time then we have the record and numbers of all the drivers. We just call them and said them to reach in the addressed immediately. After our second and third surveys we went in the parameters to fill the questionnaires. The sample size of the questionnaire was 40.The questionnaire was distributed among the general public and patients in the Emergency Department in of the Services Hospital. On that survey we again find to talk with the different peoples. We all divided the questionnaire among over selves and float it among people. We first filled questionnaire from the student of that Hospital (SIMS). They were girl students. She prefers the private hospital because she said that there were more facilities and good hygiene environment. She said that in the condition of emergency she will prefer to come to Services Hospital because she is student of this Hospital and she know the staff and get good care and discount here. Then we filled our questionnaire from the nurse she said that salary of staff should be increased so that the staff can work with more diligence. She also said that there should be more arrangements for cleanliness and management Numerous people told us that we came here because it is cheaper than other hospital. We discuss all these problems with the doctors. Doctors said us that though we are running the personal clinic but we checked the patients of here with our complete satisfaction. we also filled our questionnaire fr om the doctor and the doctor also prefer the private hospital and said that the private hospitals had better facilities and take good care of the patients, he also accept that the government hospitals are not in better conditions. 95% people told us that there is too much corruption. You need high reference or any other kind of source to meet the doctors. We also use the resource and reference to meet the Principle of the hospital. We face too many problems to take the interview from the authority. Nobody was ready to give us interview. They thought that we were also the member of press then after a lot of struggle they just give us the permission to take the interview of DMS and make the movie of emergency department in a condition. Ahsan Akram conducted the interview. The expression of DMS was very offensive. He just wanted to get rid of this. Ahsan asked many questions from him. He answered in vey good attitude. He told us that us that the number of doctors presents depend on the quantity of patients. Sometime patients are large in amount and sometime there are fewer amounts of patients. He also told us that in the time of emergency we made the Emergency Department large, we discharge patients who had recover maximum, shifts the other patients in to the ward and we bring the more beds and call the more doctors. He also told us that there is a separate department where the whole surgical instruments were sent for sterilization. Facilities A satisfactory number of facilities are providing to the patients, doctors, nurses and the relatives of the patients. Some of them are listed below There is an outside counter present from where a patient has to receive his/her file. This file maintains record of the patient. Every patient has to buy his/her file in Rupees 10 only. There is a guard and a ward boy present at the gate of the each emergency. There is nursing counter from where patients can get information. Nurse is always present on the table. If a patient or relative of the patient have any query then he/she might talk to the nurse from the nursing counter. There is a special monitoring room present where every one cannot enter with shoes and patients relatives are also not allowed in special monitoring room. Monitoring room is the room where patients can be checked with full care and attention. Monitoring room is like a small operation Theater. There are 20 beds available for men and 11 beds are available only for women. Total capacity of beds 20+11=31. There are three counters of nurses from where patients or the relative of patient can get information. Emergency department is fully air condition. Patients do not feel uncomfortable during treatment. There are two separate waiting rooms for the relatives of the patients in the surgical emergency of the hospital. 9 persons can sit in one waiting room and 24 people can sit in the second waiting room. There is an X-Ray room present in the surgical Emergency. So patient can X-Ray themselves immediately. There is an Ultrasound room present in the surgical emergency only for surgical emergency patients. This facility is very good facility for patients because they do not have to travel from one place to another. They immediately get their medicines, X-ray, ultrasound in the emergency. Pharmacy is also present in the surgical emergency. There is a changing room. Small Operation Theater is also present in the emergency. 3 ward boys, 5 nurses, 6 post graduate students and 4 house officers are present in the surgical emergency all the time. There is blood bank present in the surgical emergency. Patient can take blood from the blood bank. If a patient is bleeding due to accident on the road and he needs a bottle of blood then he can take blood from the blood bank. There is a nursing head office. Head is always present in the room. There is a gents and ladies toilet present in the surgical emergency of the services hospital but they are not separate from each other. There is a prayer area in which 4 people can Offer their Pray at one time. There is a children emergency ward present in the medical emergency. 24 beds are present in the children emergency room. There are 27 beds present for men and 28 beds are present in the women area. There is a guard and a ward boy present at the gate of the each emergency. There are two separate wash rooms are available in the medical emergency of the services hospital. There is a Parmonology ward present in the medical emergency of the services hospital. There are security cameras present everywhere in the medical emergency of the hospital and TV`s are present in the DMS of the Medical Emergency DMS is always watching that what is happening everywhere Problems There is infinite number of problems present in the emergency. Some of them are given below. There are 20 beds present for men and 11 beds for women only. The number of beds is too small. They should increase the number of beds in the surgical emergency. Patents have to wait for the empty bed. Mostly 2 patents are present on the single bed. In a critical situation (such as bomb blast in the city) 100-150 injured person came to the emergency but the staff and doctors cannot handle that injured people. Administration of the hospital should take steps to increase the number of doctors and nurses. There are men and women toilet present in the surgical emergency but they are not separated from each other. They should be separated from each other because women need a separate washroom. They feel shy to enter in men`s washroom. Head should take action and make 2 toilets for men and two toilets for women separately. In the medical emergency there are two separated toilets but. There is a leakage of water from the upper roof in the washroom. There is one wash room which has no lock. Washrooms are in very bad situation. Washrooms are in very poor condition. No exhaust fans are present to clean the atmosphere. Administration should take notice and give new sinks to the women`s toilet and put at least 2 to 3 exhaust fans in the toilet so the cleanliness of the washroom. Cat is wondering in the medical emergency. No one was there to take off that cat. Animals are free to move in the emergency. Head should heir a person who can control all this problems. Corruption Corruption is present everywhere in our country. It is very difficult to handle corruption. Everyone wants black money. There is too much attraction in black money. Sometimes very responsible and honest person wants black money. It is in human nature. Man wants more, more and more money. Corrupted people do not care that it is HALAAL or HARAAM money. It is very difficult to control corruption but our leaders and heads can control this bad habit. (((Corruption is primarily of two types, Need Based Corruption (NBC) and the Greed Based Corruption (GBC). Both are found in the public as well as private sectors. NBC takes its birth in the lower echelons of the bureaucracy or in poor people who are not paid enough to fulfill their needs and on the top of it also not provided with the subsidized amenities and facilities by the government. Imagine the plight of one such functionary whose child is seriously ill and he has no money even to buy him the medicine! He would do anything to save the life of his child, let alone corruption. I am not trying to justify the NBC, but it needs to be seriously looked into. To control NBC government should increase the salary of poor people and try to give subsidies to them. According to Corruption rate of Pakistan is 2.1. When our researcher team visited the emergency department, patients said us that there is too much corruption present in the emergency of Services hospital. Patients have to give money to the staff to get bed in the Emergency. They have to give money to staff to get the bottles of blood. They have to give money to the nurses to get quick response from them. They have to give money to get medicines. There is too much corruption present in the hospital. Administration should increase the salary of nurses and ward boys. They should give facilities so that ward boy s and nurses leave to earn black money from patients. They want black money because they do not get their salary on time. The amount (price) is increasing of goods day by day. Workers cannot afford to buy anything in a limited amount of salary. Controller of the hospital should increase the salary to control the corruption. When they ask for money from the patient then patient cannot do anything expects giving them money becau se on that time patient is in very bad condition and needs help. In my opinion corruption is of two types. First one is NBC and the second one is covetousness. We have to control all of them by taking strong steps. Services Hospital should hair at least 3 to 4 people who do nothing but they must see what is happening very where. They should control the emergency department. They can control the corruption. If the administrations of the services hospital do nothing to control the corruption then it will increase daily. No doubt corruption is increasing daily but if we do not control now then it will be very dangerous for us. It is our duty to control corruption in the hospital level. If we do not control the corruption in the hospital yet, then what will we say to our new generation? It is our country our hospital we have to control all this. Controller of the emergency should control all this and they can control by haring the team of responsible persons. Security Pakistanis are known as terrorist now-a-days due to some groups or parties who played negative role in a society and made bomb blasts in every look and corner of the city. Lahore is in very critical situation. In 2007, 1,503 terrorist attacks and clashes, including all the suicide attacks, target killings and assassinations, resulted in 3,448 casualties and 5,353 injuries, according to the PIPS security report. These casualties figure 128 percent and 491.7 percent higher as compared with 2006 and 2005, respectively. The report states that Pakistan faced 60 suicide attacks during 2007, which killed at least 770, besides injuring another 1,574 people. In 2008, the country saw 2,148 terrorist attacks, which caused 2,267 fatalities and 4,558 injuries. Human Right Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) in its annual report indicated that there were at least 67 suicide attacks across Pakistan killing 973 people and injuring 2,318. 2009, the worst of any year, 2,586 terrorist, insurgent and sectaria n-related incidents were reported that killed 3,021 people and injured 7,334, according to the Pakistan Security Report 2009 published by PIPS. These casualties figure 48 percent higher as compared to 2008. On the other hand, the rate of suicide attacks surged by one third to 87 bombings that killed 1,300 people and injured 3,600. There is a small list of bomb blasts occurred in Lahore Pakistan from past 3 years shown below. This list is too small and short. 2010 No. Date Place Killed Injured 1 March 08 Model Town / Lahore 15 80 2 March 12 RA Bazaar / Lahore 57 90 TOTAL   72 170 *Data till March 15, 2010 2009 Sl. No. Date Place Killed Injured 1 May 27 CCPO-ISI offices / Lahore 27 326 2 November 2 Lahore 1 25 3 December 7 Moon Market / Lahore 45 100 TOTAL   73 451 2008 Sl. No. Date Place Killed Injured 1 January 10 Lahore High Court 24 80 2 March 4 Pakistan Navy War College / Lahore 8 24 3 March 11 FIA regional headquarters / Lahore 30 200 4 August 13 Dubai Chowk / Lahore 9 35 TOTAL   71 339 There is only security guard present at the gate of emergency of the services hospital Lahore Pakistan. They have no security cameras on the gate. They have no security gates and security alarms. They have no instruments to check the person. There is no security guard present on the main gate of the services hospital Lahore Pakistan. Anyone can enter and can freely move in the hospital. Any terrorist can enter in the hospital and do anything what he wants to do. Controller of the hospital should take steps to avoid this. They have to hair security guards who will check every person entering in the hospital. They should fix security cameras everywhere. No doubt it is a government hospital. There is a lack of money but if the authority does not do something for security then it will prove very dangerous for us and for all citizens. Our leaders use 40 % of security. They cannot move in the city without having security with them. No doubt their lives are very important but they should pr ovide some security to the hospital. When our researcher team entered in the services hospital, we observed many things. Few of them are listed below. There was no parking at that place. Streets were poor in condition. Patients were sitting on the road of the hospital. Some of them are sitting on the stairs of the hospital. Cats are wondering on the roads of the hospital. There were countless people present in the emergency of the hospital. Space of e

Macbeth :: essays research papers

In the first act of the play, Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the reader is introduced to the two characters that will play the most significant part in the play's storyline. Even though they are man and wife, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have much dissimilarity. One can tell how their personalities differ as the plot moves forward. Though they are married and undying in their love, it can be plainly seen that they have many differences.In the opening scene of the play, Macbeth and friends, on one of their travels, encounter a trio of witches who chant prophecies. To sum up their decree to Macbeth, the witches inform Macbeth that it is his fate to be king. This promise of fate worries Macbeth because he thinks that the present king and his friend, Duncan, is a very good ruler. Macbeth's opinion of King Duncan supercedes his desire to rule the kingdom. Therefore, Macbeth is somewhat hesitant to accept his fate.As Macbeth arrives at his manor after the encounter with the witches, he tell s Lady Macbeth of prophecy. Though she meets the news with the same startling surprise as her husband did, Lady Macbeth is much more positive of the impending fate. She thinks that the impending fate of her husband is a very positive thing and she will do everything in her power to help the prophecy come to pass.The night of Macbeth's return to his home, King Duncan is scheduled to have dinner at Macbeth's manor. This event starts off the chain of events that fuel the entire play. While Macbeth downplays the prophecy and is worried of what will happen, as well as the fate of King Duncan, his wife Lady Macbeth acts very proactive. Her thought processes are sinister and devious, as she conjures up a plan to eliminate Duncan as king and put her husband into power.In the first act of Macbeth, one can see the huge gap between the personalities of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.

McCarthy’s power Essay

We also see this clearly when the corrupt Putnam ruthlessly and heartlessly kills off his neighbours to buy their land, using his daughter and Tituba as mediums to accuse people with and feeding names into their mouths, as he does with the words, â€Å"Sarah Good? Did you ever see Sarah Good with him (the devil)? Or Osburn? Before his daughter Ruth has even admitted to witchcraft, he spreads the word of witchcraft, cruelly calculating his next move. The words, â€Å"That is a notorious sign of witchcraft, a prodigious sign,† indicate his joy at the opportunity to make some money and settle some old grudges. His disregard for his daughter’s health is yet another example of his lack of humanity. Parris is equally selfish and cold. When questioning Abigail about her dancing in the woods, Parris proceeds to say, â€Å"I must know it now, for my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it†¦ you must understand I have many enemies†¦ there is a faction sworn to drive me from my pulpit,† like Putnam lacking any concern for Abigail. It is clear that people like Danforth, Parris and Putnam aren’t in the business of helping Salem’s society, as people of their status should be, but in furthering their own possessions. Without these individuals keeping order and maintaining justice in the town, all of the old grudges and petty grievances are allowed to run riot and influence the proceedings in court, as we see when Ann Putnam accuses Rebecca Nurse, arguably the most respected person in the town, of killing her babies. This is also an example of how little scientific knowledge was available at the time, and how eager people were to place blame on other people. Aside from the few individuals with integrity, like Proctor, Corrie and Rebecca Nurse, the rest of Salem’s society will sacrifice others to safeguard their name in the town. When questioned by Hale, Abigail seems to instinctively play the innocent child which the audience knows she is definitely not, an example of dramatic irony. â€Å"I’m a good girl! I’m a proper girl! † These words highlight how quick she is to defend herself, and her insecurity about her image and reputation in the village. Once she is safe, she proceeds to shift blame onto others, like Tituba. â€Å"She tried (to make me drink the soup) but I refused†¦ She made me drink blood! † Abigail realises her word is taken over Tituba’s because of the racial prejudice at the time the play is set in. People like Abigail, Parris and Putnam aren’t afraid to use this discrimination to their advantage, which only serves to kill more people, or to ruin their lives. It is ironic that one of the few admirable qualities that are found in the town is the reason that so many people die. Ultimately, people like Hale and Proctor realise that it isn’t being seen as a good Christian or letting people think you are innocent that matters, but knowing yourself that you are innocent and have nothing to fear. It is this that convinces them that everything should be done to protect your innocence, even giving your life, in Proctor’s case. People like Proctor and Reverend Hale are purified by Danforth’s crucible but for the wrong reasons. While Danforth’s words, â€Å"We burn a hot fire here; it melts down all concealment,† would appear to be correct, they are ironic, in that the only way the truth comes out is if innocent people die first These men, along with the many others who are convicted, struggle long and hard with the decision of confession and lies versus integrity and righteousness. For others like Rebecca Nurse the choice is already decided, as her words, â€Å"Let you fear nothing, another judgement awaits us all,† suggest. She is firm in her belief that they will be repaid by God for maintaining their innocence. John’s dilemma is much worse, as he has family and children to worry about, and his name is ruined in the village already, as news of his adultery charges would have circulated. The impact of outpourings like, â€Å"I lie and sign myself to lies! I am not worth the dust of the feet of them that hang,† gives you the feeling that he realises the complexity of his situation, and that he is trapped either way. The real problem to him is that he believes it is his fault. Elizabeth’s last line, â€Å"He has his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him,† lets you know that she understands his choice and she respects and forgives him once again, which is ultimately what he wanted. The society has the ability to let innocent people die, not only because they are loyal to themselves and no one else, but because these people are willing to die for what they believe, or what they want, in Proctor’s case. There are many other people in the village who try to speak their mind, and do what is morally right, but whose aspirations are crushed by the opposing factors, like Parris, Danforth and Abigail. Mary Warren is a good example of this, as she hides from her fears, but then confronts them, only to be brought to her knees by the sheer callousness of Abigail. We can also attribute this to the earlier mention of Danforth’s interrogation-style cross examining as well, as he repeatedly asks the same question to Mary, â€Å"Has Mr. Proctor ever threatened you for this deposition? †¦ Has he ever threatened you? †¦ Has he threatened you? † It personifies the disorder of the court’s legal system, as if Danforth doesn’t get the answer he wants, you will suffer, whether you are right or wrong. Mary eventually caves in to the pressure, condemning Proctor in the process, although sympathy is felt for her, as all of her weaknesses are ruthlessly exploited by the girls, betraying Mary and leaving her with no other alternative. When Mary goes to court, she feels as if she is on trial and it is her credibility that is questioned, even though it is she who is accusing the girls, again linking to Hale’s earlier comment, â€Å"Is every defence an attack upon this court? † Danforth refuses to question the girls, as if they are found to be guilty, his reputation will be ruined and his judgement will be compromised. Instead he turns a blind eye you any damning evidence against the girls, and with the help of Parris, forces people to lie to save themselves, vindicating his decisions in the process. This is revealed when Parris declares, â€Å"There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning! † This is ironic, as Parris’ church is already â€Å"burning like Hell† as a result of his wayward leadership. Outbursts like this not only show the real character behind Parris’ fai ade, but they also serve to highlight the way he and Danforth work against the community, with an attitude that only helps the corrupt. Once Danforth has weakened the accuser, he provides them with a way out, as he does with Mary, slowly pushing her to convict Proctor with suggestions like, â€Å"It may well be Mary Warren has been conquered by Satan,† practically putting words in her mouth. His desperation becomes much more apparent when he threatens Mary, â€Å"You will confess or you will hang,† another example of his twisted logic and self-serving nature. This pressure to do what is expected draws parallels to the McCarthy era, when Un-American activities were seen as wrong, and the one person who should represent hope, Danforth in the case of The Crucible, is in fact an antagonist in the whole predicament. This pressure again links to fear, but in this case it is fear of authority that reigns supreme, as there are few people who have the courage to challenge the decisions made by Danforth, and face the harsh consequences. Any Salemites who enter the court are forced to choose between Danforth’s and Parris’ version of right, and the Christian right, which, in a just system, should be the same thing. As the play goes on, the audience’s antipathy for Parris grows, as they see him twisting the words of others and lying in court to protect himself, hardly the actions people expect of a priest. A prime example of dramatic irony is witnessed as the audience can see straight through Parris’ false exterior, as he desperately tries to cover up anything that could point to his knowledge of the girls â€Å"just dancin’ in the woods†. Few Salemites have any knowledge of his ulterior motives, or that anything he does or says is purely for his own well being, and the manner in which he projects himself is a far cry from his real character. Parris attempts to use theology to secure his position in the good books of Danforth and the community, often referring to the Bible during the proceedings in court. He leads most of the society to believe that he is trying to help them and, by lulling them into a false sense of security, he then seizes the opportunity to rid the town of anyone he believes is a threat to himself, or his position. Utilising his status and reputation, he preaches, â€Å"You should surely know that Cain were an upright man, and yet he did kill Abel,† in an attempt to have Proctor convicted. No court can provide unbiased or uncorrupted justice if its own minister is trying to have the defendant killed. His words, â€Å"The devil lives on such confidences! Without confidences there would be no conspiracy,† are ironic but true, as it is he who as kept much greater secrets, and it is he is the devil of Salem. In this sentence he is accusing someone who contrasts greatly with him, Giles Corey. Miller uses Corey to bring humour to the play, but he also stands alongside Proctor and Rebecca Nurse as one of the main symbols of integrity and righteousness. Although he is revealed as a nai ve, slightly puzzled man, he isn’t afraid to speak his mind, albeit with some harsh consequences like his wife’s death. Unlike Parris, he values his friends, which eventually leads to his death. His response to the choice of betraying his friend or dying is admirable, his integrity clear as he replies, â€Å"I stand mute. † The audience feels a great deal of sympathy and admiration not only for Corey, but also Proctor and Rebecca Nurse who set a great example that, few others follow. There is immense injustice, as the only people who die are innocent, and they are the privileged few who have integrity. Although he can’t stop the proceedings in the court, Hale disassociates himself from the fraudulent proceedings in the Salem court, with the statement, â€Å"I denounce these proceedings, I quit this court,† ruining his reputation in the process. His efforts to correct Danforth’s judgement are brought to a halt, often by Danforth himself who quips, â€Å"I will have nothing from you Mr. Hale! † This again highlights the stubbornness of Danforth, as he refuses to listen to anyone The structure of the play is quite regimented, as there always appears to be a glimmer of hope in each act, but the end of every act ends with chaos. This shows that the situation could never be resolved, as the paranoia and hysteria undermined any efforts to do this. In reality, it was the Salem society that was the devil, as Proctor declares, â€Å"A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours Danforth! † This again shows the humbleness of Proctor, as he has the integrity to face up to his shortcomings, while Danforth would prefer to hide, frantically trying to drown out Proctor’s words with his own, with the frenetic cry, â€Å"Take him (Proctor) and Corey with him to the jail! † This is another illustration of Danforth’s cowardice, and his inability to confront his flaws. Proctor’s earlier quote, â€Å"God is dead! † also serves to show the disorder in the justice system. The people who should represent God, like Parris and Danforth, are now the devils. We see further irony when Danforth states, â€Å"I will not deal in lies,† in a bid to obtain Proctor’s confession, when in fact, every pardon or conviction was based on a lie. No one can be sure if Danforth believed he was right in doing what he did, but it is obvious that he wasn’t right. In contrast, it is more obvious that Parris had a hidden agenda. However, both were responsible for the deaths of innocent people, although it seems that this was the only thing that could bring their reign to an end. One of the reasons Miller wrote this play was to denounce McCarthyism, and the end again draws parallels to this period, as the whole saga only came to an end when someone took a stand against the state. There were very few people who were willing to stand up for their beliefs, not only in Salem, but also during the McCarthy era, which is understandable given the consequences. . Miller projects other figures as unlikely heroes, everyday people like Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey and John Proctor, who have the courage and integrity to admit to their faults, and die for their beliefs. In this era, with the town steeped in anger, vengeance and despair, these individuals stand alone making their achievements even greater. Once a stand had been taken however, the repercussions suffered by the corrupt leaders of these eras were also similar. Danforth’s power over the public diminished rapidly and Parris â€Å"walked the highroad, and was never seen again. † McCarthy’s power ceased as well, highlighting again, that a few individuals with a conscience can make a difference, one way or the other.

Palliative Care Nursing Practice - case study

Palliative Care Nursing Practice - case study IntroductionThis assignment is aimed at demonstrating how the author understands the concepts of holistic therapeutic practice in palliative care and how the principles of palliative care are applied in the clinical setting. The author will demonstrate this in the format of a case study. There will be an introduction to palliative care with definitions of therapeutic and holistic care and some discussion around how the principles of palliative care are applied in the clinical setting. The author will then introduce the client chosen for the case study and identify an aspect of their care that is going to be explored and explain the reasoning behind this. Finally there will be an overall conclusion with recommendations made for future practice based on the authors' critique.Definitions of palliative careThe World Health Organisation (2002) stated that the goal of palliative care is to control patient's pain and other symptoms associated with the whole person, being their body, soul an d mind, whilst enabling patient's and their families to maintain a quality of life.English: Dunbar Hospital, Thurso Community Hospita...However there are many definitions from various authors about the principles and philosophy of palliative care but they all relate to the same basis and that is that the philosophy and principles of palliative care is to look after the patient as a whole and not just treat the illness with the main focus being that the patient has the best quality of life possible and is allowed to die with dignity (Kemp, 1995). Faull, Carter and Daniels (2005) and Watson, Lucas, Hoy and Back (2005) define that palliative care is not a substitute for other care but a means to compliment it, therefore ensuring the patient and family gets the optimum care and the best quality of life possible, whilst encompassing the whole person, spiritually and psychologically.Potter and...

Maintaining and Repairing Relationships

Maintaining and Repairing Relationships Introduction: The need to belong Human beings, regardless of their location, have a need to belong. The sense and need for belonging may be satisfied within the context of family, friends, work colleagues, or in an interpersonal relationship with a member of the opposite sex. To satisfy this sense of belonging, an individual has to develop a relationship with the above-mentioned entities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Maintaining and Repairing Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The subsequent relationship so developed has to be maintained and nurtured in a manner that satisfies all the parties involved in the relationship. A relationship that satisfies an individual’s need for belonging boosts the self-esteem and general sense of motivation of the individual. For instance, an individual who has a strong and positive family relationship with his or her siblings and parents tends to be con fident, outgoing, and has a positive outlook on life. Similarly, many studies suggest that people in committed long-term relationships with persons of the opposite sex, for instance within the context of marriage, are generally more motivated, and have a higher self-esteem (Alea Vick, 2010, p.735). There are also immense benefits of having the support of friends and colleagues during difficult and trying times in one’s life. Therefore, the different types of positive relationships in a person’s life are important for the overall well-being of the particular person. The influence of Culture/Society Besides family relationships, a relationship that eventually leads to marriage is the second most important relationship of an individual’s life. Many societies and cultures around the world encourage such relationships, with some limitations on the extent to which such relationships can flourish before marriage. Therefore, an individual’s ability to develop, m aintain, and repair such an intimate relationship once it is established is an important factor in ensuring the overall stability and perpetuation of the larger society and culture. The development of intimate relationships: Attraction Initial attraction between two individuals forms the basis of many heterosexual relationships. This attraction can be at the physical or intellectual level. The initial attraction leads to subsequent and frequent interaction where the two individuals attempt to know each other better. If successful, the individuals begin to court or ‘date’ each other, and an exclusive heterosexual relationship is soon established. The courtship phase of a relationship may very well be the most important phase because, at this stage, the involved parties learn as much as possible about each other, and determine the long-term viability of their relationship.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The future of such a relationship depends on the couple’s ability to overcome the challenges of understanding and maintaining an interest in each other at the courtship phase. Therefore, maintaining and repairing an intimate relationship, such as one between two members of the opposite sex, starts at the courtship level. Maintaining Relationships Once a relationship is established, the most important aspect is maintaining it, ‘keeping it alive’. While courtship may be one of the best phases of a relationship for the two individuals due to the sheer excitement of falling in love, the phase could make or break the relationship. A courting couple can maintain a healthy intimate relationship in several ways. One of the most important aspects of maintaining a relationship is openness and honesty. Through honesty, a couple develops trust: one of the most important qualities in a relationship. Honesty applies in many o ther relationships as well; for instance, in family relations. Honest children earn the trust of their parents and are thus able to form strong bonds with their parents. Similarly, an open and honest employee quickly earns the trust of his or her organization’s leadership, and such an employee is most likely to be promoted. Therefore, openness and honesty builds trust in relationships. Patience and forbearance are also other aspects that buttress relationships. The process of getting to know one another during courtship requires patience (Pruitt McCollum, 2010, p.140). At this stage, it is always advisable to give one’s romantic interest some freeway to act and be him/herself. Any irritating and negative traits and characteristics that may emerge at this point should be handled with patience and forbearance. Many relationships that turn out successful involve a lot of selfless love and sacrifices from the involved partners. As the relationship progresses, and the part ners involved desire it, marriage is usually the next logical step of such a relationship. Although the rudimentary elements that comprise a successful courtship can be transferred into marriage, the context of marriage offers a stronger challenge of maintaining the relationship between a husband and wife. Maintaining a healthy relationship in marriage includes the satisfaction of the couple’s intimacy and sexual needs. Many people enter into marriage for companionship (Seiffge-Krenke, 2003, p.519), and thus one of the most important factors that the partners in a marriage should consider is the intimacy needs of the other partner.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Maintaining and Repairing Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A healthy marital relationship, thus, simply builds on the foundation set during courtship. The plans of both partners concerning career choices, starting a family, and the financial plans of the couple need to be discussed openly. Through trust and honesty, the couple can maintain a healthy marital relationship that is founded on sacrifice and a sense of trust. Once established, all relationships progress in a manner that the parties involved deem fit. In a family, the parents determine to raise their children according to their desires provided these wishes are within the laws of the land. For instance, while many parents take their children to public and private schools, others may opt to school their children at home. The parents also determine the religion, sports activities, and sometimes career choices that their children make. Similarly, two or more close friends usually strive to undertake their activities, hobbies and even school and careers together or in consultation amongst themselves. Friends counsel and guide each other. A married couple also makes major decisions concerning their lives together. The need to make choices within a re lationship is always present. Therefore, in all kinds of relationships, the demand to make choices creates an avenue for potential conflict, and possibly a break up of the particular relationship. For instance, a child may disagree with his or her parent’s choice of career for him or her; friends may disagree over lifestyle choices by one of them, and a married couple may have different ideas on investment and plans for the future. Such disagreements, if unresolved, may eventually lead to a break up of the relationship: parents and their children become estranged, friends end their friendship, and a married couple may separate or divorce. All these instances indicate broken relationships that require restoration or repair. Repairing Relationships As stated earlier, making choices and disagreements over plans for the future by persons involved in a relationship provides a fertile ground for break up of relationships. Once a relationship is broken, the involved parties experien ce a sense of loss and may even undergo a depression, especially if the persons involved in the relationship were close, or intimate in the case of a heterosexual couple or a married couple. In the case of a broken family relationship involving siblings, or a child and his or her parents, the relationship might be repaired by having the interests of the child considered. Many times, parents may want to control the destiny of their children, but such practice is counter-productive and only produces resentment in the children. The son or daughter should be allowed to chart his or her own course in life, and the role of the parents should be that of offering encouragement and moral support. There are many instances where parents attempt to have their children fulfill dreams that they were unable to fulfill in their younger years. On the other hand, mutual friends who separate because of lifestyle choices by one party should attempt to re-evaluate their relationship; a compromise is alw ays possible. The restoration of such a friendship usually involves a lot of soul searching and reflection by the friends.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion In conclusion, couples involved in a relationship, especially within a marriage, usually undergo a lot of suffering when they separate over disagreements, infidelity, and other such reasons (Sbarra Emery, 2005, p.230). As stated earlier, the foundation set during courtship should offer a base for compromise. If genuine affection and love exists between the partners, then a solution can always be found. The couple can consult marriage counselors to try to restore their marriage; one or both of the partners may have to change an attitude of trait. Moreover, if the couple is religious, it may seek their religious leaders for guidance and restoration of their relationship (Langmead, 2008, p.7). All broken relationships are worthy of an attempt at restoration. References Alea, N., Vick, S. C. (2010). The first sight of love: Relationship-defining memories and marital satisfaction across adulthood. Memory, 18(7), 730-742. Langmead, R. (2008). Transformed Relationships: Reconc iliation as the Central Model for Mission. Mission Studies: Journal of the International Association for Mission  Studies, 25(1), 5-20. Pruitt, I. T., McCollum, E. E. (2010). Voices of Experienced Meditators: The Impact of Meditation Practice on Intimate Relationships. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 32(2), 135-154. Sbarra, D. A., Emery, R. E. (2005). The emotional sequelae of nonmarital relationship dissolution: Analysis of change and intraindividual variability over time. Personal Relationships, 12(2), 213-232. Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2003). Testing theories of romantic development from adolescence to young adulthood: Evidence of a developmental sequence. International  Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(6), 519.

Paper review on haematological malignancy Essay

Paper review on haematological malignancy - Essay Example One of the key enzymes of the pathways resulting in the production of prostaglandins is Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specifically in the tissue, which is being insulted, and either on the way to transform to or has been transformed to a malignant tissue. Among these cancers, some common ones are: lung, head and neck, ovarian, uterine cervix, colorectum, and breast. Even in the presence of high level of convincing data supporting the role of COX-2 in the progression of cancer, no definitive evidence is available which provides any clue to the relationship between COX-2 and haematological cancers. Myeloma (MM) is very well described as the deregulation of the cytokine network accompanied by secretion of inflammatory cytokines. A study was carried out to look for the COX-2 deregulation in the pathogenesis of MM. For this purpose, a sample of 142 specimen form 132 patients with plasma cell dyscrasias were taken and further tested for the expression of the proteins by Western Blot (WB) method. These patients were at different stages of the diseases as far as the advancement or severity was concerned. These specimen samples were taken after the informed consent from the patients were obtained. Clinical features of all the patients were documented. Apart from WB, real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were also carried out for some specimen. Along with these, COX-2 immunochemistry as well as separation of plasma cells was also performed. For statistical inferences, descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses were done by using Cox model. Apart from the validation and assessment of MM samples and correlation between COX-2 expression and clinical parameters, the prognostic value of COX-2 expression in MM was also determined. It was found that median overall survival (OS) follow up for the study participants was 48 months and the relationship between COX-2 positive and negative was (28 months vs 52 months) and it was significantly different. While Progression Free survival (PFS) was estimated as 18 months for positive and 36 months for negative patients and it was also significantly different. COX-2 was found to be related to MM as a prognostic factor and it opened the venue for treatment options for MM as well as for more research work in the same and related areas to further explore any other associations. Significant contribution of the study The research work presented in this article is the first scientific report on the relationship between Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Multiple Myeloma (MM). This is indeed an important finding, which adds to the available evidence on two facets: 1) apart from solid tumor, COX-2 has got a relationship with haematological malignancies especially with multiple myeloma where it showed statistically significant association with short progression free period in COX-2 positive patients as compared to COX-2 negative patients (18 vs 36 months; P < .001) and at the same time poor overall survival in COX-2 positive

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Immigration - Essay Example Basing a reflection on Rhodes, the powerful Greek monument made after Greece defeated Cyprus, Emma wants to make a comparison of how the American nation attains its strength. Other than Greece that relied on war and strength to conquer its neighbors, she portrays American as a peaceful and friendly nation that welcomes immigrants who are suffering from all sorts of atrocities around the world (Lazarus 23). Relating American’s statute to the ancient Greek’s Colossus f Rhodes signifies that other than focusing on military superiority, freedom, enlightenment as well as compassion are evidenced across the American nation. The concept of â€Å"America as the land of opportunity,† is portrayed in the author’s message and the Statute of Liberty in New York Harbor where the poem is engraved. Rather than using a man and weapons of war, the statute is represented by a woman with a torch signifying change from the norm within societies. It is very direct that the wor ds of the poem serve in promising immigrants to America peace and opportunity. It is however important to note that although the promises in the poem were met by majority of immigrants, some failed to realize the promises but rather faced challenges upon migration to America. Debates over whether America is a land of opportunity as the words in the poem indicate has lived since the 19th century until today. These debates continuously focus on the American people weighing the benefits of migration in the country. It is however important to note that despite some immigrants failing to meet the promises provided in the poem some lived to the dream and to them America became a land of opportunities and the same has continued for their generations. The largest number of immigrants within a period of around forty years reached over twenty million between 18980-1920. The immigrants increased the American population by significant numbers